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Image of spine3/16/2024 ![]() ![]() Although the spinous processes are relatively reliable surface anatomical landmarks in many patients, they are not always easily recognizable in patients with obesity, edema, underlying spinal deformity, or previous back surgery. Traditionally, CNBs are performed using a combination of surface anatomical landmarks, the operator’s perception of tactile sensation (loss of resistance) during needle advancement, and/or visualizing the free flow of cerebrospinal fluid. Karmakar and Ki Jinn Chin INTRODUCTIONĬentral neuraxial blocks (CNBs), which include spinal, epidural, combined spinal-epidural (CSE), and caudal epidural injections, are commonly practiced regional anesthesia techniques and frequently used in the perioperative period for anesthesia and analgesia and for managing chronic pain. ![]()
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